Migration carries the promise of new beginnings, but for many Iranian immigrant women, it also brings the shadows of past and present struggles. This integrative review by Niroomand et al. (2024) examines intimate partner violence (IPV) within the Iranian immigrant community, uncovering how the experience of abuse shifts post-migration. While physical violence may decrease, psychological and economic abuse often replace it, leaving many women in cycles of control and dependence.

Cultural expectations, patriarchal norms, religious interpretations, and economic instability all intersect to shape IPV experiences. Yet, many Iranian women do not seek formal help, relying instead on informal family networks due to stigma, financial constraints, and limited awareness of available resources.

The Burden of Silence: Social and Cultural Triggers of IPV

• Patriarchal System & Gender Norms

Traditional Iranian values define the “ideal woman” as submissive, family-oriented, and self-sacrificing. Such norms discourage women from challenging abuse or seeking external support.

• Economic Dependence & Legal Barriers

Financial instability, limited employment opportunities, and legal dependency on spouses for residency can trap women in abusive relationships.

• Religious Justifications & Social Stigma

Some misinterpretations of religious teachings encourage women to tolerate abuse for the sake of family honor. Social stigma against divorce further isolates survivors.

• Psychological & Economic Violence Post-Migration

While physical abuse may decline due to legal risks in host countries, coercive control, financial restriction, and emotional abuse often increase as perpetrators adapt to new power dynamics.

Seeking Refuge: The Role of Support Systems

Despite the challenges, awareness and empowerment are increasing among Iranian immigrant women. Some adapt to new legal systems and find strength in support networks, while others remain isolated by cultural fears and systemic barriers.

• Limited Language Proficiency & Access to Help

Many women struggle to navigate legal and social services due to language barriers and lack of culturally sensitive resources.

• Impact of Immigration on IPV

Migration alters family dynamics, often leading to increased financial stress, shifting gender roles, and heightened conflict, which can escalate IPV.

Breaking the Cycle: A Call for Change

The study highlights critical interventions to address IPV among Iranian immigrant women:

• Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Support

• Accessible Legal Aid & Financial Independence Programs

• Community Education to Challenge Patriarchal Norms

• Improved Language & Social Services for Survivors

Breaking the silence is the first step toward freedom.